Marine First Aid Level 4 (VTQ)
Course Content
- Course Introduction
- Human anatomy and physiology for immediate emergency care
- Safety and Calling for Help
- What3Words - location app
- Marine band radios
- Marine VHF Radios
- Common Coastal Water Dangers
- Common Fresh Water Marine Dangers
- Emergency Flares
- LED Flares
- The Coastguard
- The Air Ambulance
- Personal Location Beacons
- Accident Prevention
- Boat Safety
- Calling for help
- Water safety tubes
- Types of Blankets
- Emergency response for hybrid and electric boats
- First Aid and Safety Equipment\
- Initial Assessment and Care
- Basic airway management in emergency care
- CPR
- AED
- Administration of oxygen therapy
- Drowning
- Choking
- Shock
- Bleeding
- Catastrophic Injury
- Injuries
- Hypothermia
- Illness
- FIrst Responder - Management of injuries
- Prioritising first aid
- Pelvic Injuries
- Spinal Injuries
- Rapid Extrication
- SAM Pelvic Sling
- Box Splints
- Spinal Injury
- Stabilising the spine
- Spinal Recovery Position
- Introduction to Spinal Boards
- The spinal board
- Using the Spinal Board
- The Scoop Stretcher
- Using the scoop stretcher
- Cervical collars
- Vertical C-Spine Immobilisation
- Joint examination
- Adult fractures
- Types of fracture
- First Responder - Management of trauma
- Elevated Slings
- Lower limb immobilisation
- Elevation Techniques
- Helmet Removal
- Different Types of Helmets
- The Carry Chair
- Applying Plasters
- Strains and Sprains and the RICE procedure
- Eye Injuries
- Electrical Injuries
- Foreign objects in the eye, ears or nose
- Nose bleeds
- Bites and stings
- Chest Injuries
- Foxseal chest seals
- Abdominal Injuries
- Treating Snake Bites
- Types of head injury and consciousness
- Dislocated Shoulders and Joints
- Other Types of Injury
- Dental Injuries
- First Responder - Management of medical conditions
- Asthma
- Asthma Spacers
- When an Asthma inhaler is not available
- Accuhaler®
- Heart Attack
- Warning signs of cardiac arrest and heart attack
- Heart Attack Position
- Aspirin and the Aspod
- Stable angina
- Hypertension
- Pulse Oximetry
- Epilepsy
- Epilepsy treatment
- Meningitis
- Diabetes
- Blood Sugar Testing
- Poisons and Food Poisoning
- Shock
- Near and secondary drowning
- Cold water shock
- Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis
- Course Summary
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Get StartedShock in medical terms refers to an inadequate blood flow to the body's tissues and organs, which can lead to cellular damage. There are several types of medical shock, each with its causes and characteristics. Hypovolemic shock results from a significant fluid or blood loss. This can be due to trauma, dehydration, or severe internal bleeding. Low blood volume leads to a drop in blood pressure and decreases oxygen delivery to the organs. Cardiogenic shock; this is caused when the heart fails to pump blood effectively, often due to severe heart attacks, heart failure, or certain arrhythmias. Despite adequate blood volume, the heart cannot supply sufficient blood to the body. Septic shock; this is caused when a severe infection, typically bacterial, spreads throughout the body. Widespread inflammation results in decreased blood pressure and impaired blood volume to organs. Anaphylactic shock; a severe allergic reaction to allergens such as foods insect stings, or medications. Widespread vasodilation can lead to a release of histamines and other substances, fluid leakage from capillaries and consequent low blood pressure. Neurogenic shock results from spinal chord injury, typically the cervical or apothoraxic level. Loss of balance between the parts of the nervous system leads to widespread vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. The final type of shock is obstructive shock. This is where there is a physical restriction preventing the heart from filling or pumping correctly. Common causes include tension in the thorax, cardiac tamponade, or pulmonary embolisms. The obstruction prevents effective blood circulation, decreasing oxygen delivery to tissues. It is important to recognise the symptoms of shock early, as prompt treatment is crucial to improving outcomes. Common symptoms across all types of shock include clammy or bluish skin, rapid heart beat, shallow breathing, nausea, confusion and decrease in urine output. If someone is suspected of being in shock, seek emergency medical attention as soon as possible.
Types of Medical Shock and Symptoms
Introduction to Shock
Shock in medical terms refers to inadequate blood flow to the body's tissues and organs, which can result in cellular damage.
Types of Medical Shock
Hypovolemic Shock
Cause: Significant fluid or blood loss from trauma, dehydration, or severe internal bleeding.
Effects: Drop in blood pressure and reduced oxygen delivery to organs.
Cardiogenic Shock
Cause: Ineffective pumping of blood by the heart, often due to severe heart attacks, heart failure, or certain arrhythmias.
Effects: Inadequate blood supply despite normal blood volume.
Septic Shock
Cause: Severe infection, typically bacterial, leading to widespread inflammation.
Effects: Decreased blood pressure and impaired blood flow to organs.
Anaphylactic Shock
Cause: Severe allergic reaction to allergens like foods, insect stings, or medications.
Effects: Vasodilation, fluid leakage from capillaries, and consequent low blood pressure.
Neurogenic Shock
Cause: Spinal cord injury, particularly at the cervical or thoracic level.
Effects: Widespread vasodilation and decreased blood pressure due to nervous system imbalance.
Obstructive Shock
Cause: Physical obstruction preventing heart filling or pumping effectively.
Examples: Tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism.
Effects: Impaired blood circulation and reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.
Symptoms of Shock
Common symptoms across all types of shock include:
- Clammy or bluish skin
- Rapid heartbeat
- Shallow breathing
- Nausea
- Confusion
- Decreased urine output
Emergency Response
If someone shows signs of shock, it is crucial to seek emergency medical attention promptly for appropriate treatment.