Marine First Aid Level 4 (VTQ)
Course Content
- Course Introduction
- Human anatomy and physiology for immediate emergency care
- Safety and Calling for Help
- What3Words - location app
- Marine band radios
- Marine VHF Radios
- Common Coastal Water Dangers
- Common Fresh Water Marine Dangers
- Emergency Flares
- LED Flares
- The Coastguard
- The Air Ambulance
- Personal Location Beacons
- Accident Prevention
- Boat Safety
- Calling for help
- Water safety tubes
- Types of Blankets
- Emergency response for hybrid and electric boats
- First Aid and Safety Equipment\
- Initial Assessment and Care
- Basic airway management in emergency care
- CPR
- AED
- Administration of oxygen therapy
- Drowning
- Choking
- Shock
- Bleeding
- Catastrophic Injury
- Injuries
- Hypothermia
- Illness
- FIrst Responder - Management of injuries
- Prioritising first aid
- Pelvic Injuries
- Spinal Injuries
- Rapid Extrication
- SAM Pelvic Sling
- Box Splints
- Spinal Injury
- Stabilising the spine
- Spinal Recovery Position
- Introduction to Spinal Boards
- The spinal board
- Using the Spinal Board
- The Scoop Stretcher
- Using the scoop stretcher
- Cervical collars
- Vertical C-Spine Immobilisation
- Joint examination
- Adult fractures
- Types of fracture
- First Responder - Management of trauma
- Elevated Slings
- Lower limb immobilisation
- Elevation Techniques
- Helmet Removal
- Different Types of Helmets
- The Carry Chair
- Applying Plasters
- Strains and Sprains and the RICE procedure
- Eye Injuries
- Electrical Injuries
- Foreign objects in the eye, ears or nose
- Nose bleeds
- Bites and stings
- Chest Injuries
- Foxseal chest seals
- Abdominal Injuries
- Treating Snake Bites
- Types of head injury and consciousness
- Dislocated Shoulders and Joints
- Other Types of Injury
- Dental Injuries
- First Responder - Management of medical conditions
- Asthma
- Asthma Spacers
- When an Asthma inhaler is not available
- Accuhaler®
- Heart Attack
- Warning signs of cardiac arrest and heart attack
- Heart Attack Position
- Aspirin and the Aspod
- Stable angina
- Hypertension
- Pulse Oximetry
- Epilepsy
- Epilepsy treatment
- Meningitis
- Diabetes
- Blood Sugar Testing
- Poisons and Food Poisoning
- Shock
- Near and secondary drowning
- Cold water shock
- Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis
- Course Summary
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What we're gonna have a look at now is different ways and different techniques of elevating or moving limbs which work very effectively for bleeds, but also for evaluating or eradicating shock or limiting the effects of shock. So, the most common thing that everybody talks about is elevating the legs, "How are we gonna do it? How can we do it?" Well, we can use whatever we've got nearby. If you're in an office environment, we could just use an office chair and we can raise both legs up onto the office chair. Gravity then takes blood volume back to the core and will raise the blood pressure. Remember, when we're looking for blood pressures, the radial pulse is an important assessment. If the patient has a radial pulse, they will have a blood pressure above 90. A blood pressure above 90 means the internal organs carry on working and functioning effectively, but if the patient faints and we raise the legs or before we raise the legs, they may well not have a blood pressure or not have a radial pulse. But as soon as we raise the legs and the blood starts to pull back to the core of the body, the radial pulse comes back and the patient starts to show signs of coming around again. If we haven't got a chair, if we're out in the street or in the community, we can replace the chair with our own knee. And if you use this technique, it means I'll still have my hands free, I've created a tunnel allowing us to have postural drainage, but I can still take radial pulses, I can still check the chest, and I can still evaluate everything else whilst using the elevation technique. We can also, if it's one limb, we can put one limb up onto a shoulder and again, we've still got two hands free to actually work on the patient. Remember, the way the limb bends allows us to elevate it, if we use the correct technique. So if I hold the ankle, the leg will lock itself in a vertical position. The arm will work exactly the same, but the arm bends. But if we've got a motorcyclist with a heavy bleed or we need to elevate a limb on a motorcyclist, if we put the helmet underneath the arm, the arm will stay elevated, as long as we balance it in that position, it will stay elevated. If we put it in the wrong position, the arm will just fall but by supporting it and using the joint, we can actually use the arm, as well as the legs to give us elevation, reducing blood flow, reducing blood loss, and improving blood pressures. Different techniques for bringing the blood pressure up, to reducing the flow of blood loss from injuries and from wounds, postural drainage drains blood back to the core, gravity takes the blood to the core, blood pressure improves, patient starts to improve. Different techniques to use posture, to use equipment, or ourselves to aid that recovery.
Limb Elevation Techniques for Bleeding and Shock
Introduction
Elevating or moving limbs effectively aids in managing bleeds and mitigating shock. Explore various techniques for limb elevation.
Office Chair Elevation
Method: Utilize an office chair to raise both legs, allowing gravity to return blood volume to the core, thus increasing blood pressure.
Assessment: Monitor radial pulse; restoration of radial pulse indicates blood pressure improvement.
Knee Elevation
Method: Substitute a knee to elevate limbs when an office chair is unavailable. This technique maintains free hands for assessment.
Shoulder Elevation
Method: Elevate a limb onto a shoulder, keeping hands free for patient care and evaluation.
Utilizing Joint Bends
Technique: Leveraging limb joint bends allows for effective elevation. Supporting limbs in the correct position prevents blood loss and improves blood pressure.
Motorcycle Helmet Support
Method: Placing a motorcycle helmet under the arm of a motorcyclist with a limb injury maintains limb elevation, aiding in reducing blood flow and loss.
Postural Drainage
Approach: Implement postural drainage techniques to promote blood return to the core, enhancing blood pressure and patient recovery.
Conclusion
Employing various limb elevation techniques, whether with equipment or improvised methods, plays a crucial role in managing bleeding, alleviating shock, and aiding patient recovery.