Heart Attacks
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Recognising and Responding to Heart Attack Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack
- Chest Pain or Discomfort: Described as pressure, tightness, pain, or squeezing in the centre of the chest. It may last for a few minutes, come and go, or persist at rest.
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, which may occur with or without chest discomfort, even while resting.
- Pain in Other Areas: Discomfort spreading to the shoulders, arms (especially the left arm), neck, jaw, back, or stomach.
- Lightheadedness or Fainting: Sudden dizziness or fainting spells.
- Cold Sweats: Breaking out in a cold sweat without clear reason.
- Nausea or Vomiting: Upset stomach or vomiting.
- Unusual Tiredness: Extreme fatigue, even without exertion, possibly lasting for days.
- Heartburn or Indigestion: Symptoms similar to heartburn or indigestion.
- Palpitations: Sensation of rapid, fluttering, or irregular heartbeat.
Variation in Symptoms
Heart attack symptoms can vary widely between individuals, and women may experience them differently than men.
Immediate Action for Suspected Heart Attack
If a heart attack is suspected, prompt action is crucial:
- Call Emergency Services: Dial emergency services immediately; every minute counts.
- Seek Medical Attention: Even if uncertain, it's better to seek medical help as early intervention can prevent heart muscle damage.
- On Water: If on water, head to a pre-agreed meeting point for assistance with the Coast Guard.
First Aid Steps
Before medical help arrives, follow these steps:
- Positioning: Help the person sit comfortably on the floor with knees bent and head and shoulders propped up.
- Aspirin Administration: If not allergic and over 16, give a 300mg aspirin tablet to chew slowly.
- Medication: Encourage taking prescribed angina medication if available.
- Monitor: Continuously monitor responsiveness; be prepared to perform CPR if they become unresponsive.