Hypovolemic shock

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2 min 39 sec

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Hypovolemic Shock: Symptoms and Treatment

Overview of Hypovolemic Shock

Hypovolemic shock is a life-threatening condition resulting from rapid and significant loss of blood or bodily fluids, often occurring after severe bleeding.

Signs and Symptoms of Hypovolemic Shock

Cold and clammy skin: Skin feels cool and moist due to reduced blood flow and compensatory mechanisms.
Pale or bluish skin (cyanosis): Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues results in a pale or blue tint, especially noticeable in the lips and fingertips.
Rapid heart rate (tachycardia): Heart beats faster to compensate for reduced blood volume and oxygen delivery.
Shallow or rapid breathing (tachypnea): Increased respiratory rate as the body tries to obtain more oxygen.
Low blood pressure (hypotension): Decreased pressure in the arteries due to blood volume loss.
Weak or absent pulse: Reduced blood flow, particularly in the extremities, may cause a weak or absent pulse.
Reduced urinary output: Kidneys receive less blood, leading to decreased urine production.
Thirst or dry mouth: Body's response to fluid loss.
Confusion or altered mental status: Reduced blood flow to the brain can cause dizziness, disorientation, or unconsciousness.
Narrowing pulse pressure: Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure may decrease.
Cold extremities: Hands and feet may feel cold due to reduced peripheral blood flow.
Chest pain: Reduced blood flow to the heart can lead to chest pain.
Anxiety and agitation: Body's stress response and decreased oxygen to the brain.
Nausea and vomiting: Result of reduced blood flow to the stomach and intestines.
Fatigue or weakness: Overall muscle fatigue due to reduced oxygen delivery.

Immediate Response and Treatment

If hypovolemic shock is suspected, immediate medical attention is crucial.

In a first-aid scenario, initial actions include:

Stopping the bleed (if present)
Elevating the legs 15 to 30 centimetres to move blood to vital organs
Keeping the patient warm and calm

The primary treatment focus in medical settings is to stabilise the patient and replenish lost fluids or blood.

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